Pro studenty

V popisech kurzů používané zkratky SERR/CEFR označují Společný evropský referenční rámec (anglicky CEFR = Common European Framework of Reference for Languages), jenž popisuje, co by měl student zvládat na jazykových úrovních A1–C2. Jde o dokument Rady Evropy.

• Tabulka pro vyhodnocení úrovně SERR (česky, pdf)

• CEFR assessment grid (English, pdf)

Rychlý rozřazovací test OJZ

Test založený na gramatice a slovní zásobě. Stáhnete si jej, vypracujete, opravíte podle klíče a dle tabulky zjistíte svou přibližnou úroveň. Vyplnění zabere max. 40 minut.

• Test (pdf)
• Klíč (pdf)

Vyhodnocení testu

Toto vyhodnocení je pouze orientační. Podrobnější a přesnější placement test testující jazykové dovednosti je k dispozici na našich webových stránkách (TOEIC placement test).

 TOEIC Online Placement Test – Listening

Jde o zkrácený test TOEIC – Listening.

• 25 poslechových otázek
• 15 minut
• Pro začátečníky až pokročilé (A1 až C1 dle SERR)
• Testuje dovednost Listening
• Okamžité vyhodnocení
• Registrace nebo použití existujícího účtu ETS

Podrobné informace o zkouškách TOEIC a TOEFL: web ETS

Další informace o mezinárodních zkouškách TOEIC/TOEFL na webu OJZ.

LanguageCert Placement Test

Rychlý online rozřazovací test – 25 otázek typu multiple choice. Test je k dispozici na webové stránce LanguageCert zde.

"Darkness cannot drive out darkness; only light can do that. Hate cannot drive out hate; only love can do that."

– Martin Luther King Jr., in Strength to Love (1963);
an American Baptist minister, social activist, and a prominent leader of the American Civil Rights Movement, assassinated in 1968

Jazykové tipy:

Přestože třeba neznáte každé slovo, zkuste pochopit význam věty – jde o dobrou praxi jako nácvik pro testy.

Odpovědi k úkolům a možný překlad citátu najdete níže.

1. Look at the negative modal verb in the first clause. How does its spelling differ from may not, must not and should not? What is its contracted (short) form?
2. Why is there no a or the before darkness, light, hate and love? When would the be possible?
3. Darkness is a third-person singular subject. Why do we not write cannot drives?
4. Find a phrasal verb in the quote. Now take the sentence Love can drive out darkness and replace the object (darkness) with the pronoun it. Where does the pronoun go? Can the noun go in the same place?
5. In only light can do that, what does that refer to? What is this technique called, and why is it useful?
6. Compare: Only light can do that. / Only by light can darkness be driven out. Why does the word order change in the second sentence?
7. Hate appears twice in the quote. What part of speech is it each time, and how can you tell? Is hatred a possible replacement?
8. Count the letters in light, then the sounds. What do you notice? Name three more words with the same ending.
9. Compare the structure of the two sentences. What technique does the author use, and why does it make the quote memorable?
10. How would you translate the quote into your mother tongue?

Pozn.: Pozitivní, motivační citáty v angličtině na každý den nabízí řada aplikací i skupin na sociálních sítích, například Action for Happiness nebo Brainy Quote.
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Odpovědi k úkolům výše:

1. Spelling: Cannot is written as one word; the short form is can’t. Other negative modals are normally two words: may not, must not, should not. Can not in two words usually appears in special structures: You can not only read it, but also act on it.
2. They are uncountable nouns used in a general sense, so they take no article.
   The is needed for a specific case: the darkness of the cave. Light becomes countable with a different meaning: a light = a lamp.
3. After modal verbs, the verb stays in its base form (infinitive without to) for all persons: no -s, no to, no -ing. Correct: darkness cannot drive...
4. The phrasal verb is drive out. The pronoun goes in the middle: drive it out, never drive out it.
   A noun can go in either place: Light can drive out darkness or Light can drive darkness out. This type is called a separable phrasal verb. Long objects usually go after: drive out the darkness of fear.
5. Do that stands for the whole phrase drive out darkness. This technique is called a pro-form: a short word or phrase replacing a longer one. It avoids repetition and keeps the sentence short. Everyday use: Can you fix it? – Only Tom can do that.
6. In the first sentence, only light is the subject, so the word order is normal.
   In the second, only by light is an adverbial placed first, which triggers inversion (modal before subject). Same pattern: Only then did he understand.
7. Both are nouns: the first is the subject, the second the object of drive out. A verb cannot fill these positions. Hate can also be a verb (I hate it). Hatred is a noun only, so it could replace hate here.
8. Light has five letters but only three sounds: /l/ + /aɪ/ + /t/. The gh is silent.
   Same pattern: night, right, might, fight, sight. Common mistakes: ligth, and lite in formal writing.
9. Both sentences follow the same pattern (X cannot drive out X; only Y can do that). This is called parallelism. The key words form opposites: darkness / light, hate / love.
   Tip: use matching forms in lists too: reading, writing and speaking, not reading, to write and speaking.
10. Possible translation into Czech:
    Tmu nelze zahnat tmou; to dokáže jen světlo. Nenávist nelze zahnat nenávistí; to dokáže jen láska.

References

This educational section may include content which is adapted from AI-generated responses.